docker-compose.yml

version: '3.9'

services:
  mariadb:
    image: mariadb:10.3
    container_name: mariadb
    tty: true
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    volumes:
      - ./db/conf.d:/etc/mysql/conf.d
      - ./db/data:/var/lib/mysql
    environment:
      MYSQL_HOST: localhost
      MYSQL_DATABASE: 스키마명
      MYSQL_USER: 스키마사용유저
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: 스키마사용유저패스워드
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 루트패스워드
      SERVICE_NAME: mariadb
      TZ: Asia/Seoul
    restart: always

my.cnf 

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci